Observation of El Niño and La Niña Phenomena, on the island of Sulawesi - Indonesia, based on the Global Positioning System (GPS)

This paper studies precipitable water vapor (PWV) in 2015-2016, an El Nino-Southern Oscillation episode (ENSO), and causes drought Indonesia. Using the Global Positioning System (GPS), we obtained PWV value. Expected can detect ENSO phenomenon through We processed GPS observation data by Precise Point (PPP) method using goGPS software. The values of Zenith Troposphere Delay (ZTD) were validated comparing with ZTD from four IGS stations (BAKO, PIMO, NTUS, ALIC), i.e., there was a mean difference -3.48, average standard deviation is 13.36 mm, correlation coefficient 0.94. variation between PPP estimates within measurement error. Our results be used to study behaviors for meteorological climatological purposes station CMAK CBIT compared radiosonde observations. showed good agreement 0.86 at Station 0.85 station. varied 37.08 76.01 mm 57.05 mm. For CTOL, CMAK, CKEN stations, their 61.17, 50.84, 51.75 (STD) value 11.79 higher than other stations. During Nino event, SSTa became weak